Científicos hallan la causa del Alzheimer
Un equipo internacional de científicos, dirigido por la Universidad de Cambridge, Reino Unido; hallan la causa del Alzheimer, se desarrolla de una manera muy diferente de lo que se pensaba.
Los resultados podrían tener importantes implicaciones para el desarrollo de posibles tratamientos, según un nuevo estudio publicado en la revista Science Advances.
Se descubre que el trastorno neurodegenerativo en las primeras etapas afecta simultáneamente a varias áreas del cerebro y no a una sola región; lo que explica el porqué de la rápida muerte de células cerebrales y la consiguiente demencia.
Para ello, los científicos utilizan muestras cerebrales “post mortem” de pacientes con alzhéimer; así como escaneo PET (tomografía por emisión de positrones) de pacientes vivos en diferentes etapas de la enfermedad.
Durante el alzhéimer, las proteínas tau y beta-amiloide se acumulan y forman placas, conocidas como agregados que provocan la muerte de las células cerebrales. Esto conduce a la pérdida de memoria, cambios de personalidad y dificultad para realizar actividades habituales.
Asimismo, durante las investigaciones, sus autores observan que el principal mecanismo que controla la tasa de progresión de la enfermedad es la aparición de agregados en diferentes áreas del cerebro, y no la propagación de estos de una región a otra.
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Una esperanza para quienes padecen Alzheimer
El doctor Georg Meisl de la Universidad de Cambridge y autor principal del estudio, señala:
“Se pensaba que el alzhéimer se desarrolla de una manera similar a muchos cánceres: los agregados se forman en un área y luego se diseminan por el cerebro; pero descubrimos que cuando comienza la enfermedad de Alzheimer ya hay agregados en múltiples regiones del cerebro, por lo que tratar de detener su propagación entre regiones hará poco para frenar la dolencia”.
Además, notan que la replicación de los agregados de tau es lenta, demorando hasta cinco años. También explica el coautor del estudio David Klenerman:
“Las neuronas son sorprendentemente buenas para detener la formación de agregados, pero debemos encontrar formas de mejorarlas aún más si queremos desarrollar un tratamiento eficaz”.
Los investigadores afirman que su metodología podría usarse en el desarrollo de tratamientos para combatir el alzhéimer, que afecta a unos 44 millones de personas en todo el mundo; enfocándose en los procesos más importantes que ocurren en la progresión de esa afección.
Además, este método podría aplicarse a otras afecciones neurodegenerativas, como la enfermedad de Parkinson, explican.
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